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The breathing circuit may be open, closed, or semi-closed, depending on whether breathing gas is recycled. A closed or semi-closed circuit will include components which remove carbon dioxide from the exhaled gas and add oxygen before it is delivered for inhalation, so that the mixture remains stable and suitable for supporting life.
The breathing circuit is the ducting through which the breathing gases flow from the machine to the patient and back, and includes components for mixing, adjusting, and monitoring the composition of the breathing gas, and for removing carbon dioxide. A modern anaesthetic machine includes at minimum the following components: [2]
Gordon Jackson Rees died in early 2001, age 82. The Jackson Rees Department of Anesthesia at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital is named in his honor. [8] A piece of equipment known as the Jackson-Rees breathing circuit is still sold by medical supply companies. [9]
Bain circuit: respiratory maintenance circuit Laryngoscope: used to view larynx including the vocal cords, the glottis, etc. Endotracheal tube: a tube introduced into the patient's trachea to maintain a patient to ensure that air reaches the lungs for respiration: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) a less stimulating alternative to an endotracheal ...
The original tubes were cut from a roll of rubber industrial tubing by his assistant, hence the natural curve of the tube. A curved metal adaptor was designed (Magill oral and nasal connectors) and a 4" black rubber connecting hose to fit to the anesthetic circuit was adapted from an MG car brake hose and named the 'catheter mount' by Magill's theatre technician at Westminster Hospital.
During anesthesia, there is interplay between two components: the patient and the anesthesia administration device (which is usually a breathing circuit and a ventilator). The critical connection between the two components is either an endotracheal tube or a mask, and CO 2 is typically monitored at this junction.
Stage I (stage of analgesia or disorientation): from beginning of induction of general anesthesia to loss of consciousness. Stage II (stage of excitement or delirium): from loss of consciousness to onset of automatic breathing. Eyelash reflex disappears but other reflexes remain intact and coughing, vomiting and struggling may occur ...
Description: Examples of anaesthetic breathing systems that are commercially manufactured. From top to bottom: a Mapelson C system manufactured by Intersurgical; a Mapelson E system (also known as Ayre's T-piece), to which a Venturi valve has been fitted so as to reduce the delivered oxygen concentration; and a Mapelson F system (also known as the Jackson-Rees modification of Ayre's T-piece ...