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The cephalocaudal trend, or cephalocaudal gradient of growth, refers to the pattern of changing spatial proportions over time during growth. One example of this is the gradual change in head size relative to body size during human growth. During prenatal growth, from conception to 5
There is a genetic cephalocaudal (head-to-foot) trend in both prenatal and postnatal development. [2] As a baby grows, they learn to sit up, stand, walk, and run; these capacities develop in a specific order with the growth of the nervous system, even though the rate of development may vary from child to child.
Like physical growth, motor development shows predictable patterns of cephalocaudal (head to foot) and proximodistal (torso to extremities) development, with movements at the head and in the more central areas coming under control before those of the lower part of the body or the hands and feet. [91]
Heinz Werner's orthogenetic principle is a foundation for current theories of developmental psychology [1] and developmental psychopathology. [2] [3] Initially proposed in 1940, [4] it was formulated in 1957 [5] [6] and states that "wherever development occurs it proceeds from a state of relative globality and lack of differentiation to a state of increasing differentiation, articulation, and ...
Growth is steady though slower than in first two years. Adult height can be predicted from measurements of height at three years of age; males are approximately 53% of their adult height and females, 57%. Legs grow faster than arms. Circumference of head and chest is equal; head size is in better proportion to the body.
Growth sites are dependent on the growth centers for growth. Some examples include sutures of cranial vault, lateral cranial base and maxilla. Growth Centers is an area in the bone that controls the overall growth of the bone from its locations through different signaling mechanisms. Growth at these centers are genetically controlled. All ...
The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
The proximodistal trend is the tendency for more general functions of limbs to develop before more specific or fine motor skills.It comes from the Latin words proxim-which means "close" [1] and "-dis-" meaning "away from", [2] because the trend essentially describes a path from the center outward.