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Affinity laws (or pump laws) are used to express the relationship between variables involved in pump or fan performance and power, such as head, flow, speed, diameter. They apply to centrifugal and axial flows, and assume constant efficiency.
While centrifugal pumps impart momentum to the fluid by motion of blades, positive displacement pumps transfer fluid by variation in the size of the pump’s chamber. Centrifugal pumps can be of rotor or propeller types, whereas positive displacement pumps may be gear-based, piston-based, diaphragm-based, etc. As a general rule, centrifugal ...
Learn about the centrifugal pump, a device that converts rotational energy to fluid flow by accelerating the fluid radially outward. See the history, working principle, types, and applications of centrifugal pumps, as well as the velocity triangle and Euler's pump equation.
Learn how to use Euler's equations to calculate the head and power of pumps and turbines. See the definition and diagram of velocity triangles, which are useful for analyzing the fluid flow in turbomachines.
The Manning formula or Manning's equation is an empirical formula estimating the average velocity of a liquid in an open channel flow. It depends on the Gauckler–Manning coefficient, which is a function of surface roughness and sinuosity, and the hydraulic radius of the channel.
A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port of a centrifugal pump. Learn about the function, design and history of volutes, and the difference between single and split volutes.
Total dynamic head (TDH) is the work to be done by a pump, per unit weight, per unit volume of fluid. It is expressed as the total equivalent height that a fluid is to be pumped, taking into account friction losses in the pipe.
The discharge coefficient is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge in a nozzle or other constriction. It is related to the mass flow rate, the pressure drop, and the flow resistance of the fluid.