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2. Ecological efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_efficiency

   For example, assume 500 units of energy are produced by trophic level 1. One half of that is lost to non-predatory death, while the other half (250 units) is ingested by trophic level 2. One half of the amount ingested is expelled through defecation, leaving the other half (125 units) to be assimilated by the organism. Finally one half of the ...

3. Net ecosystem production - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_ecosystem_production

   NEP is written in units of mass of carbon per unit area per time, for example, grams carbon per square meter per year (g C m −2 yr −1). In a given ecosystem, carbon quantified as net ecosystem production can eventually end up: oxidized by fire or ultraviolet radiation , accumulated as biomass , exported as organic carbon to another system ...

4. Ecological pyramid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_pyramid

   Typical units are grams per square meter per year or calories per square meter per year. As with the others, this graph shows producers at the bottom and higher trophic levels on top. When an ecosystem is healthy, this graph produces a standard ecological pyramid. This is because, in order for the ecosystem to sustain itself, there must be more ...

5. Productivity (ecology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_(ecology)

   In ecology, the term productivity refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem, usually expressed in units of mass per volume (unit surface) per unit of time, such as grams per square metre per day (g m −2 d −1). The unit of mass can relate to dry matter or to the mass of generated carbon.

6. Water-use efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-use_efficiency

   Water-use efficiency is also a much studied trait in Plant ecology, where it has been used already in the early 20th century to study the ecological requirements of Herbaceous plants [12] or forest trees, [13] and is still used today, for example related to a drought-induced limitation of tree growth [14]

7. I = PAT - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_=_PAT

   Impact may be measured using ecological footprint analysis in units of global hectares (gha). Ecological footprint per capita is a measure of the quantity of Earth's biologically productive surface that is needed to regenerate the resources consumed per capita. Impact is modeled as the product of three terms, giving gha as a result. Population ...

8. Biocapacity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocapacity

   Biocapacity is used together with ecological footprint as a method of measuring human impact on the environment. Biocapacity and ecological footprint are tools created by the Global Footprint Network, used in sustainability studies around the world. Biocapacity is expressed in terms of global hectares per person, thus is dependent on human ...

9. Ecosystem ecology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology

   Ecosystem ecology is philosophically and historically rooted in terrestrial ecology. The ecosystem concept has evolved rapidly during the last 100 years with important ideas developed by Frederic Clements, a botanist who argued for specific definitions of ecosystems and that physiological processes were responsible for their development and persistence. [2]