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The prevention of piracy on cable and satellite networks has been one of the main factors in the development of Pay TV encryption systems. The early cable-based Pay TV networks used no security. This led to problems with people connecting to the network without paying. Consequently, some methods were developed to frustrate these self-connectors.
The first encryption methods used for big-dish satellite systems used a hybrid approach; analogue video and digital encrypted audio. This approach was somewhat more secure, but not completely free of problems due to piracy of video signals. Digital TV services, by nature can more easily implement encryption technologies.
The Common Interface allows TV manufacturers to support many different pay TV stations, by allowing to plug in exchangeable conditional-access modules (CAM) for various encryption schemes. The Common Interface is the connection between the TV tuner (TV or set-top box) and the module that decrypts the TV signal (CAM). This module, in turn, then ...
Other ways of cable theft were using a cable TV converter box (also known as a descrambler or "black box") to steal all channels and decrypt pay-per-view events, whereas a normal converter would only decrypt the ones paid for by the customer. The cable companies could send an electronic signal, called a "bullet", that would render illegal ...
Card sharing is a particular concern to conditional access providers, and their respective pay-TV companies, as well as the DVB consortium. Card sharing utilises the integral scrambling system of the DVB standard, DVB-CSA, meaning that every provider of scrambled DVB content has potential to be affected by it. In response, several counter ...
To remedy this problem, companies attempted to solve the issue by installing a coin-operated box, which ultimately made it nearly impossible to watch regular TV broadcasts. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), responsible for regulating all broadcast signals, whether free or paid, disapproved of this and refused to grant licenses to any ...
VideoCrypt is a cryptographic, smartcard-based conditional access television encryption system that scrambles analogue pay-TV signals. It was introduced in 1989 by News Datacom and was used initially by Sky TV and subsequently by several other broadcasters on SES' Astra satellites at 19.2° east.
Broadcast encryption is the cryptographic problem of delivering encrypted content (e.g. TV programs or data on DVDs) over a broadcast channel in such a way that only qualified users (e.g. subscribers who have paid their fees or DVD players conforming to a specification) can decrypt the content.