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Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged.
Sustainable refurbishment describes working on existing buildings to improve their environmental performance using sustainable methods and materials. A refurbishment or retrofit is defined as: "any work to a building over and above maintenance to change its capacity, function or performance' in other words, any intervention to adjust, reuse, or upgrade a building to suit new conditions or ...
Partial soft story collapse due to inadequate shear strength at ground level during the Loma Prieta earthquake.. A soft story building is a multi-story building in which one or more floors have windows, wide doors, large unobstructed commercial spaces, or other openings in places where a shear wall would normally be required for stability as a matter of earthquake engineering design.
A finished tilt-up building. Tilt-up, tilt-slab or tilt-wall is a type of building and a construction technique using concrete.Though it is a cost-effective technique with a shorter completion time, [1] poor performance in earthquakes has mandated significant seismic retrofit requirements in older buildings.
Retrofitting is the addition of new technology or features to older systems. Retrofits can happen for a number of reasons, for example with big capital expenditures like naval vessels, military equipment or manufacturing plants, businesses or governments may retrofit in order to reduce the need to replace a system entirely.
A pony wall is a short wall.. In different circumstances, it may refer to: a half wall that only extends partway from floor to ceiling, without supporting anything.; a stem wall, a concrete wall that extends from the foundation slab to the cripple wall or floor joists.
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a
Pony wall (or dwarf wall) is a general term for short walls, such as: A half wall that only extends partway from floor to ceiling, without supporting anything; A stem wall—a concrete wall that extends from the foundation slab to the cripple wall or floor joists; A cripple wall—a framed wall from the stem wall or foundation slab to the floor ...
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