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Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa (Slave and Post-Slave Societies and Cultures). Routledge. ISBN 9780714644363. Nabudere, D. Wadada. Imperialism in East Africa (2 vol 1981) online; Olson, James S., ed. Historical Dictionary of the British Empire (1996) Online
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
Civilian colonial officials made a special effort to upgrade the African infrastructure, promote agriculture, integrate colonial Africa with the world economy, and recruit over a half million soldiers. [37] [38] Before the war, Britain had made few plans for the utilization of Africa, but it quickly set up command structures.
Often, with the support of the colonial authority, natives gained more power under indirect colonial rule than they had in the pre-colonial period. [3] Mamdani points out that indirect rule was the dominant form of colonialism and therefore most who were colonized bore colonial rule that was delivered by their fellow natives. [28]
The New Map of Africa (1900–1916): A History of European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Diplomacy (1916) online free; Hopkins, Anthony G., and Peter J. Cain. British Imperialism: 1688–2015 (Routledge, 2016). Mackenzie, John, ed. The Encyclopedia of Empire (4 vol 2016) Maltby, William. The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire (2008).
When King Charles III touched down for his four-day state visit in Kenya, it seemed inevitable that Britain’s legacy of colonialism would be a subject the new monarch would have to grapple with.
Germany decided to create a colony in East Africa under the leadership of Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in February 1885. [1] Germany had recently unified in 1871 and the rapid industrialization of their society required a steady stream of raw materials.
Post-colonialism (or post-colonial theory) can refer to a set of theories in philosophy and literature that grapple with the legacy of colonial rule. In this sense, one can regard post-colonial literature as a branch of postmodern literature concerned with the political and cultural independence of peoples formerly subjugated in colonial empires.