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  2. Grammatical person - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person

    First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). [1] It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.

  3. Glossary of literary terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_literary_terms

    Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...

  4. Focalisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focalisation

    In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented, as opposed to an omniscient narrator. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing ...

  5. Style (sociolinguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_(sociolinguistics)

    Style shifting refers to a single speaker changing style in response to context. As noted by Eckert and Rickford, [11] in sociolinguistic literature terms style and register sometimes have been used interchangeably. Also, various connotations of style are a subject of study in stylistics.

  6. Jonathan Culler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Culler

    Rather, the "'grammar' of literature" is converted into literary structures and meaning. [ citation needed ] Structuralism is defined as a theory resting on the realization that if human actions or productions have meaning there must be an underlying system that makes this meaning possible, since an utterance has meaning only in the context of ...

  7. English personal pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_personal_pronouns

    The English personal pronouns are a subset of English pronouns taking various forms according to number, person, case and grammatical gender. Modern English has very little inflection of nouns or adjectives, to the point where some authors describe it as an analytic language, but the Modern English system of personal pronouns has preserved some of the inflectional complexity of Old English and ...

  8. Clusivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity

    These are often referred to in the literature as "2+2" and "2+3", respectively (the numbers referring to second and third person as appropriate). Some notable linguists, such as Bernard Comrie , [ 6 ] have attested that the distinction is extant in spoken natural languages, while others, such as John Henderson, [ 7 ] maintain that a clusivity ...

  9. Dative shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_shift

    In linguistics, dative shift refers to a pattern in which the subcategorization of a verb can take on two alternating forms, the oblique dative form or the double object construction form. In the oblique dative (OD) form, the verb takes a noun phrase (NP) and a dative prepositional phrase (PP), the second of which is not a core argument .