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The belief that Jesus Christ was not the Son of God from eternity, but was adopted by God at some point in his life. [4] Valentinianism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: A Gnostic heresy that taught that the world was created by a series of emanations from the supreme being.
[1] Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church, [2] resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. [1] [2] A heretic is a proponent of heresy. [1] Heresy in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death ...
Heresy was a religious, political, and social issue, so "the first stirrings of violence against dissidents were usually the result of popular resentment." [9]: 189 There are many examples of this popular resentment involving mobs murdering heretics.
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith [1] as defined by one or more of the Christian churches. [2]The study of heresy requires an understanding of the development of orthodoxy and the role of creeds in the definition of orthodox beliefs, since heresy is always defined in relation to orthodoxy.
Protestant theologian and activist John Foxe described "the great persecutions & horrible troubles, the suffering of martyrs, and other such thinges" in his contemporaneously-published Book of Martyrs. Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism.
Docetism was unequivocally rejected at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 [9] and is regarded as heretical by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Armenian Apostolic Church, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, [10] and many Protestant denominations that accept and hold to the statements of these ...
In the course of now centuries-old history, Protestantism has made an important contribution to the realization of the Christian faith, fulfilling a positive function in the development of the Christian message and, above all, often giving rise to a sincere and profound faith in the individual non-Catholic Christian, whose separation from the ...