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The scalp is the area of the head where head hair grows. [1] It is made up of skin, layers of connective and fibrous tissues, and the membrane of the skull. Anatomically, the scalp is part of the epicranium, a collection of structures covering the cranium. The scalp is bordered by the face at the front, and by the neck at the sides
The scalp has three distinct layers including the cutaneous layer, a subcutaneous connective tissue layer, and a muscular layer. [1] The crown covers bone layers of the skull. It is between 4 and 7 millimetres (0.16 and 0.28 in) thick, and varies between different people. [ 2 ]
It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp. It is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument, to move through a considerable distance.
These nerve groups transmit afferent (sensory) information from the scalp, neck, and shoulders to the brain. The motor branches of spinal nerves include: ansa cervicalis , dividing into a superior root, C-1, and an inferior root, C-2 and C-3, and the phrenic nerve , C-3 to C-5, the segmental nerve branches, C-1 to C-5.
In addition to its role in defining human appearance, scalp hair also provides protection from UV sun rays and is an insulator against extremes of hot and cold temperatures. [1] Differences in the shape of the scalp hair follicle determine the observed ethnic differences in scalp hair appearance, length and texture.
Want to know what that bump, sore, scabs or red irritation on your scalp means? Here are the most common scalp conditions, with photos and treatments. 7 Common Scalp Issues — And How to Treat Them
In most areas, a distinct plane can be defined deep to the SMAS (continuous with that formed between the platysma and underlying investing layer of deep cervical fascia). [ 3 ] Superiorly, the SMAS extends to the galea aponeurotica of [ citation needed ] the scalp, [ 2 ] : 438 becoming continuous with temporoparietal fascia [ 1 ] [ 1 ] (at the ...
Scalp folliculitis is caused when microorganisms enter the hair follicles through tiny cuts, abrasions, or via the sebaceous glands. Scalp folliculitis can be caused by a few factors, including: