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  2. Sufi psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_psychology

    A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts [5] There is now a substantial literature on combining these elements—ruh, qalb, nafs, and aql (mind)—to create an Islamic model for human behavior which can be the basis for an Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy.

  3. Dichotomy of soul and spirit in Islamic philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomy_of_soul_and...

    The majority of Muslim philosophers, including Mulla Sadra (1571–1640), never believed that the soul is divided as it is distinct from the spirit. Sadra's ontological views about the creation of soul were sharply in contrast with the assumptions of Greek philosophers who considered the spirit as a primordial-immaterial and heavenly existent.

  4. Qalb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalb

    A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "'qalb" relative to other concepts based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts. [ 1 ] In Islamic philosophy , the qalb ( Arabic : قلب ) or heart is the center of the human personality.

  5. Nafs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafs

    A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "nafs" relative to other concepts, based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts [1] Nafs (نَفْس) is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul".

  6. Rūḥ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rūḥ

    A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "'ruh" relative to other concepts based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts. [1] Rūḥ or The Spirit (Arabic: الروح, al-rūḥ) is mentioned twenty one times in the Quran, where it is described as issuing from command of God. The spirit ...

  7. 'Aql - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/'Aql

    'intellect') is an Arabic term used in Islamic philosophy and theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul that connects humans to God. According to Islamic beliefs, ' aql is what guides humans towards the right path (sirat al-mustaqim) and prevents them from deviating.

  8. Islamic philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy

    Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis (Ibn al-Nafis), Islamic philosophers and physicians who followed Aristotle, put forward a different theory about the soul than Aristotle's, and made a distinction between soul (In. spirit) and soul (In. soul). [32] Especially Avicenna's teaching on the nature of the soul had a great influence on the Scholastics.

  9. The Leadership of Muhammad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Leadership_of_Muhammad

    According to a review in Critical Muslim, "The Leadership of Muhammad is a much-needed antidote to our collective failure to understand, engage with or emulate the Prophetic model of leadership. In our complex and troubled world Hayward’s systematic explanation of the nature of the Prophet’s leadership makes complete sense while at the same ...