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Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical
A Davies condenser, also known as a double surface condenser, is similar to the Liebig condenser, but with three concentric glass tubes instead of two. The coolant circulates in both the outer jacket and the central tube. This increases the cooling surface, so that the condenser can be shorter than an equivalent Liebig condenser.
The earliest laboratory condenser, a "Gegenstromkühler" (counter-flow condenser), was invented in 1771 by the Swedish-German chemist Christian Weigel. [2]By the mid-19th century, German chemist Justus von Liebig would provide his own improvements on the preceding designs of Weigel and Johann Friedrich August Göttling, with the device becoming known as the Liebig condenser.
The amount of heat entering the column from the reboiler and with the feed must equal the amount heat removed by the overhead condenser and with the products. The heat entering a distillation column is a crucial operating parameter, addition of excess or insufficient heat to the column can lead to foaming, weeping, entrainment, or flooding.
For example, a round bottom flask, Liebig condenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together to reflux a reaction mixture. This is a large improvement compared with older methods of custom-made glassware, which was time-consuming and expensive, or the use of less chemical resistant and heat resistant corks or ...
An Erlenmeyer flask is used as a receiving flask, while a Liebig condenser is used to carry out the condensation. Here the distillation head and fractionating column are combined in one piece. The apparatus shown in the diagram represents a batch distillation as opposed to a continuous distillation .
Image credits: Photoglob Zürich As evident from Niépce's and Maxwell's experiments, and as photographic process historian Mark Osterman told Bored Panda, the processes behind colored photographs ...
Common Quickfit components include (1) Pear shaped flask, 50 ml (2) Stillhead (3) Liebig condenser (4) Screwcap adapter (5) Receiver adapter (6) Thermometer (7) Dropping funnel, 50 ml, with Rotaflo tap (8) Stopper (9) Air leak / steam inlet tube (10) Round bottom flask, 25 ml (11) Air condenser / drying tube (12) Sintered glass funnel (13) Drying tube (14) Pear shaped flask, 50 ml, with angled ...