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The axillary sheath is a fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle. [1] [2] [3] It is surrounded by the axillary fat. [1] [2] It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia [citation needed] and is continuous with the carotid sheath at ...
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
The concept behind all of these approaches to the brachial plexus is the existence of a sheath encompassing the neurovascular bundle extending from the deep cervical fascia to slightly beyond the borders of the axilla. [2] Anatomical illustration of the brachial plexus with areas of roots, trunks, divisions and cords marked.
It forms a sheath for the brachial nerves, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein in the posterior triangle of the neck; it is continued under the clavicle as the axillary sheath and is attached to the deep surface of the coracoclavicular fascia.
1% of nerve sheath and soft tissue neoplasms, respectively (>50 cases of intraneural perineuriomas and >300 cases of soft tissue perineuriomas have been described) Common presentation: focal, unilateral lesion affecting major peripheral nerves (sciatic, median, radial, brachial plexus) and their branches.
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5-C8-T1 spinal nerves, and lower and upper halves of C4 and T2 spinal nerves. The plexus extends toward the armpit. The ventral rami of C5 and C6 form upper trunk, the ventral ramus of C7 forms the middle trunk, and the ventral rami of C8 and T1 join to form the lower trunk of the brachial ...
In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus. [2] The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus. For example, the posterior cord of the brachial plexus is so named because it lies posterior to the second part of the artery.
Brachial plexus injuries can cause paralysis in various regions in the arm, forearm, and hand depending on the severed nerves. The resulting palsy has been clinically treated using the phrenic nerve as a donor for neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve. [ 12 ]