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Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America and was first used on masonry buildings.
The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...
AAC blocks on a residential house construction site in Russia. AAC is a concrete-based material used for both exterior and interior construction. [ 23 ] One of its advantages is quick and easy installation because the material can be routed , sanded, or cut to size on-site using a hand saw and standard power tools with carbon steel cutters.
Clay blocks (sometimes called clay block brick) being laid with an adhesive rather than mortar. Bricks are made in a similar way to mud-bricks except without the fibrous binder such as straw and are fired ("burned" in a brick clamp or kiln) after they have air-dried to permanently harden them. Kiln fired clay bricks are a ceramic material ...
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Other form liner materials used can include polystyrene foam, fiberglass, and even aluminum-- styrene plastic, ABS plastic, and urethane are considered to be the industry standard, and are most often specified in plans by architects and engineers. The form liners are attached to forms and concrete is placed against the liner.
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Alternatively, 3D printing with non-cementitious materials can be employed for the production of formworks for concrete. Extrusion printing with clay, foam, wax, and polymers, as well as binder jetting with sand and stereolithography, have been used for the fabrication of formworks for architectural concrete components.