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In computer programming, a netstring is a formatting method for byte strings that uses a declarative notation to indicate the size of the string. [1] [2]Netstrings store the byte length of the data that follows, making it easier to unambiguously pass text and byte data between programs that could be sensitive to values that could be interpreted as delimiters or terminators (such as a null ...
The best-known is the string "From " (including trailing space) at the beginning of a line, used to separate mail messages in the mbox file format. By using a binary-to-text encoding on messages that are already plain text, then decoding on the other end, one can make such systems appear to be completely transparent. This is sometimes referred ...
Types 2 and 3 have a count field which encodes the length in bytes of the payload. Type 2 is an unstructured byte string. Type 3 is a UTF-8 text string. A short count of 31 indicates an indefinite-length string. This is followed by zero or more definite-length strings of the same type, terminated by a "break" marker byte.
The string of literals comes after the token and any extra bytes needed to indicate string length. This is followed by an offset that indicates how far back in the output buffer to begin copying. The extra bytes (if any) of the match-length come at the end of the sequence.
Even binary data files can be compressed with this method; file format specifications often dictate repeated bytes in files as padding space. However, newer compression methods such as DEFLATE often use LZ77-based algorithms, a generalization of run-length encoding that can take advantage of runs of strings of characters (such as BWWBWWBWWBWW).
LLVM, in its Coverage Mapping Format [8] LLVM's implementation of LEB128 encoding and decoding is useful alongside the pseudocode above. [9].NET supports a "7-bit encoded int" format in the BinaryReader and BinaryWriter classes. [10] When writing a string to a BinaryWriter, the string length is encoded with this method.
For example, the four character string "I♥NY" is encoded in UTF-8 like this (shown as hexadecimal byte values): 49 E2 99 A5 4E 59. Of the six units in that sequence, 49, 4E, and 59 are singletons (for I, N, and Y), E2 is a lead unit and 99 and A5 are trail units. The heart symbol is represented by the combination of the lead unit and the two ...
On most modern computers, this is an eight bit string. Because the definition of a byte is related to the number of bits composing a character, some older computers have used a different bit length for their byte. [2] In many computer architectures, the byte is the smallest addressable unit, the atom of addressability, say. For example, even ...