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In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic. In 1990, the name was changed to the Czech Republic, which became a separate state in 1993 with the breakup of Czechoslovakia. [7] Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its "lands" (země). [8]
The Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: České království), [a] sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, [8] [9] [a] was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the predecessor state of the modern Czech Republic. The Kingdom of Bohemia was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire.
The dissolution of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Rozdělení Československa, Slovak: Rozdelenie Československa), which took effect on December 31, 1992, was the self-determined secession of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic (also known as Czechia) and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is a unitary state, [98] with a civil law system based on the continental type, rooted in Germanic legal culture. The basis of the legal system is the Constitution of the Czech Republic adopted in 1993. [99] The Penal Code is effective from 2010.
Within that state, the Czech Socialist Republic (Česká socialistická republika, ČSR) [9] was created on 1 January 1969. [17] On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic (Česká republika, ČR). [18] When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the ...
Intense conflict ensued as Czechs and Germans attempted to control local administration and education. German Bohemians held that in the closed [clarification needed] German-speaking part of Bohemia, only German should be an official language, and objected to the language regulations as being motivated by the Czech "state rights" ideology. [2]
At first it seemed that some concessions would be made to Bohemia, and that the state would become a tripartite federal monarchy with a German Austrian, Czech and Slovak, and Hungarian division. But in the end the crown effected a compromise with the Hungarian gentry in 1867.
In 1960, the country officially became a socialist republic, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. 1989–1990: Czechoslovakia formally became a federal republic comprising the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic.