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E804 Fall in, on, or from railway train; Excludes: Fall related to collision, derailment, or explosion of railway train (E800-E803) E805 Hit by rolling stock; Includes: Knocked down, run over, crushed; injured of killed by railway train or part of it Excludes: Pedestrian hit by object set in motion by railway train (E806.-)
In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (including labor, capital, or land) and taxation .
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
The theorem states that—under specific economic assumptions (constant returns to scale, perfect competition, equality of the number of factors to the number of products)—a rise in the relative price of a good will lead to a rise in the real return to that factor which is used most intensively in the production of the good, and conversely ...
The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933 [1] and subsequently developed by Joe S. Bain, is a model in industrial organization economics that offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets.
Optimal stopping problems can be found in areas of statistics, economics, and mathematical finance (related to the pricing of American options). A key example of an optimal stopping problem is the secretary problem .
The word VALUE, it is to be observed, has two different meanings, and sometimes expresses the utility of some particular object, and sometimes the power of purchasing other goods which the possession of that object conveys. The one may be called "value in use;" the other, "value in exchange." The things which have the greatest value in use have ...
In early political economy, intrinsic or objective theories of value were a set of early theories of value holding that the value of an item is an objective property of the item itself.