Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This template is used to create a bibliographic entry for an entire journal (or other periodical), or a volume or issue of a journal, but not a specific article. It is intended for use where the absence of a specific article makes {{Cite journal}} inappropriate. The format is based on the CMOS style for a bibliographic entry, and is intended to ...
Jean Baptiste André Dumas (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɑ̃dʁe dyma]; 14 July 1800 – 10 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities.
Thirty-two years previously, Jean-Baptiste Dumas, appointed chemistry tutor at the École polytechnique in 1824, had created a small personal laboratory there, the school no longer having research equipment. He maintained this laboratory at his own expense until the revolution of 1848 following which he occupied important political functions.
The year 1873, by many accounts, was a seminal point in the history of the development of the concept of the "molecule". In this year, the renowned Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell published his famous thirteen page article 'Molecules' in the September issue of Nature. [15] In the opening section to this article, Maxwell clearly states:
He devised a systematic nomenclature for organic chemistry based on structural grouping of atoms within molecules to determine how the molecules combine in organic reactions. He studied under Jean-Baptiste Dumas as a laboratory assistant and worked with Charles Frédéric Gerhardt. He died in Paris from tuberculosis.
Jean-Baptiste Dumas used the terms "physical atoms" and "chemical atoms"; a "physical atom" was a particle that cannot be divided by physical means such as temperature and pressure, and a "chemical atom" was a particle that could not be divided by chemical reactions. [27]
The Dumas method of molecular weight determination was historically a procedure used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown volatile substance. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The method was designed by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas , after whom the procedure is now named.
With Jean Victoire Audouin and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, his future brothers-in-law, Brongniart founded the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, a peer-reviewed journal, in 1824. He also founded the Société Botanique de France in 1854, and was its first president.