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Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15 or Global Goal 15) is about "Life on land".One of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015, the official wording is: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss". [1]
Target 14.2: Protect and restore ecosystems [ edit ] The full title of Target 14.2 is: "By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans".
Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed [1] or transformed. [2] It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair already damaged ecosystems rather than take preventative measures.
When altered flow regimes have impacted riparian zone health, re-establishing natural streamflow may be the best solution to effectively restore riparian ecosystems. [2] The complete removal of dams and flow-altering structures may be required to fully restore historic conditions, but this is not always realistic or feasible.
The ICUN compiled the “Red List”, evaluating the global conservation status of species based on the threat level. [15] The list separates species into threat levels ranging from least concern to extinct, aiding in directing efforts to mitigate species decline [16] This assessment evaluated factors contributing to species extinction like population size, trends, distributions, and threats.
The IUCN estimates that 42,100 species of the ones assessed are at risk for extinction. [1] Expanding to all existing species, a 2019 UN report on biodiversity put this estimate even higher at a million species. It is also being acknowledged that an increasing number of ecosystems on Earth containing endangered species are disappearing.
The United Nations decade on Ecosystem Restoration began on World Environment Day, 5 June 2021.In a June 2021 report to help launch the decade, the UN called for nations to deliver on existing ecosystem restoration commitments, which in total add up to over 1 billion hectares, an area bigger than China.
Forest restoration, when implemented appropriately, helps restore habitats and ecosystems, create jobs and income and is an effective nature-based solution to climate change. Moreover, according to FAO, forest and landscape restoration yields many benefits for the climate, including greenhouse gas emissions sequestration and reduction. [ 9 ]
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