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Significant blood loss after childbirth, increased heart rate, feeling faint upon standing, increased breath rate [1] [2] Causes: Poor contraction of the uterus, not all the placenta removed, tear of the uterus, poor blood clotting [2] Risk factors: Anemia, Asian ethnicity, more than one baby, obesity, age older than 40 years [2] Prevention
This bleeding may originate from the uterus, vaginal wall, or cervix. [1] Generally, it is either part of a normal menstrual cycle or is caused by hormonal or other problems of the reproductive system, such as abnormal uterine bleeding. Regular monthly vaginal bleeding during the reproductive years, menstruation, is a
Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture.
When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. [13] Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. [14] According to the FDA, serious complications are "not rare ...
After labor it is the contraction of these muscles that physically squeeze the blood vessels so that hemostasis can occur after the delivery of the fetus and the placenta. [1] Local hemostatic factors like tissue factor type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and platelets and clotting factors aid in stopping the blood flow.
Vaginal evisceration is a serious complication of dehiscence (where a surgical wound reopens after the procedure), which can be due to trauma. [1] 63% of reported cases of vaginal evisceration follow a vaginal hysterectomy (where the uterus removal surgery is performed entirely through the vaginal canal). [2]
In the UK the use of hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding has been almost halved between 1989 and 2003. [70] This has a number of causes: better medical management, endometrial ablation and particularly the introduction of IUS [ 71 ] [ 72 ] which may be inserted in the community and avoid the need for specialist referral; in one study up ...
Endometriosis has a 10% recurrence rate after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. [145] Endometriosis recurrence following conservative surgery is estimated as 21.5% at 2 years and 40-50% at 5 years. [146] Recurrence rate for DIE after surgery is less than 1%. [147]