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The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include benzene hydroxylase , and benzene dioxygenase . Biological role
The catechol dioxygenases, some of the most well-studied dioxygenase enzymes, use dioxygen to cleave a carbon-carbon bond of an aromatic catechol ring system. [4] Catechol dioxygenases are further classified as being “extradiol” or “intradiol,” and this distinction is based on mechanistic differences in the reactions (figures 1 & 2).
The first four seem to be involved in the hydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol. CYP2E1 seems to be the primary enzyme in the hydroxylation of toluene, accounting for roughly 44% of toluene metabolism; [1] however, there is a great deal of ethnic variability, in the Finnish population for example the primary enzyme is CYP2B6.
Aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHD) incorporate two atoms of dioxygen (O 2) into their substrates in the dihydroxylation reaction.The product is (substituted) cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexadiene, which is subsequently converted to (substituted) benzene glycol by a cis-diol dehydrogenase.
Benzene 1,2-dioxygenase; The substrate specificity of these enzymes is low. Enantiomeric purities in excess of 90% are routine but varies with substrate. For instance, 1,4-substituted benzenes often render diols of lower enantiomeric purity. However, accessing the "unnatural" enantiomer of product is often difficult without tailored enzymes. (1)
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline.
Catechol dioxygenases are metalloprotein enzymes that carry out the oxidative cleavage of catechols.This class of enzymes incorporate dioxygen into the substrate.Catechol dioxygenases belong to the class of oxidoreductases and have several different substrate specificities, including catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.1), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2), and protocatechuate 3,4 ...
Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited genetic disease which is caused by a mutation in the HGD gene for the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.5); if a person inherits an abnormal copy from both parents (it is a recessive condition), the body accumulates an intermediate substance called homogentisic acid in the blood and tissues.