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Anti-fascist author George Orwell describes fascism in economic terms in a 1941 essay, "Shopkeepers At War": Fascism, at any rate the German version, is a form of capitalism that borrows from Socialism just such features as will make it efficient for war purposes... It is a planned system geared to a definite purpose, world-conquest, and not ...
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy (left), and Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (right), were fascist leaders.. Fascism (/ ˈ f æ ʃ ɪ z əm / FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, [1] [2] [3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a ...
Italian fascism (Italian: fascismo italiano), also classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy.
The earliest foundations of fascism in practice can be seen in the Italian Regency of Carnaro, [2] led by the Italian nationalist Gabriele D'Annunzio, many of whose politics and aesthetics were subsequently used by Benito Mussolini and his Italian Fasces of Combat which Mussolini had founded as the Fasces of Revolutionary Action in 1914.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Opposition to fascism An Italian partisan in Florence, 14 August 1944, during the liberation of Italy Part of a series on Anti-fascism Interwar Ethiopia Black Lions Central Europe Arbeiter-Schutzbund Republikanischer Schutzbund Socialist Action Germany Antifaschistische Aktion Black Band ...
Like fascism, Plato emphasized that individuals must adhere to laws and perform duties while declining to grant individuals rights to limit or reject state interference in their lives. [7] Like fascism, Plato also claimed that an ideal state would have state-run education that was designed to promote able rulers and warriors. [7]
In particular, fascism inherited from Mazzini the fervent irredentism, the concept of class collaboration, the pedagogical vocation and the spirit of solidarity. Mussolini himself was a great Mazzini admirer, and many fascist exponents were Mazzinian such as Italo Balbo , Giovanni Gentile , Giuseppe Bottai and Dino Grandi .
Fascism operated from a social Darwinist view of human relations that idolizes the seemingly strongest individuals and represses the weaker individuals. [29] In terms of economic practice, this meant promoting the interests of successful businessmen while destroying trade unions and other organizations of the proletarian. [42]