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When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab. The remaining syllables of the INNs, as well as the column Source, are explained in Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies. Types of monoclonal antibodies with other structures than naturally occurring antibodies. The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows:
The advantage of active monoclonal antibody therapy is the fact that the immune system will produce antibodies long-term, with only a short-term drug administration to induce this response. However, the immune response to certain antigens may be inadequate, especially in the elderly.
Aducanumab, sold under the brand name Aduhelm, is a monoclonal antibody designed to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is a monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms (plaque) of amyloid beta (Aβ) found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease to reduce its buildup. [10] It was developed by Biogen and Eisai. [11] Aducanumab is given via intravenous infusion. [5] Aducanumab was ...
The most common side effects for guselkumab are upper respiratory tract infections, headache, injection site reactions, [11] joint pain, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fungal skin infections and herpes simplex infections. [12] Because guselkumab is a new medicine, the long-term effects are not fully understood. [13]
A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal antibodies [1] [2] A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Common side effects include infections, acute infusion reactions, and abdominal pain. [23] Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic. It seems to work by binding to and neutralizing TNF-α, preventing it from interacting with its receptors on the cell. [23] TNF-α is a chemical messenger and a key part of the autoimmune reaction.
Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody (a type of protein) designed to attach to and block CGRP, thereby helping blood vessels to return to their normal size. [3] This will stop the symptoms of migraine. [3] Galcanezumab is generally delivered through self-injections. [7] Common side effects include injection site reactions such as pain or redness.
Glofitamab, sold under the brand name Columvi, is a bispecific monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma. [10] It is a bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T-cell engager developed by Roche. [7] The most common side effects include cytokine release syndrome, muscle and bone pain, rash, and tiredness. [11]