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Enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase) is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and is involved in digestion in humans and other animals. Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) into its active form trypsin, resulting in the subsequent activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
Trypsin digestion of extra cellular matrix is a common practice in cell culture. However, this enzymatic degradation of the cells can negatively effect cell viability and surface markers, especially in stem cells. There are gentler alternatives than trypsin such as Accutase which doesn't effect surface markers such as cd14, cd117, cd49f, cd292.
The digestive system has a complex system of motility and secretion regulation which is vital for proper function. This task is accomplished via a system of long reflexes from the central nervous system (CNS), short reflexes from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and reflexes from GI peptides working in harmony with each other. [4]
Intracellular digestion is divided into heterophagic digestion and autophagic digestion. [3] These two types take place in the lysosome and they both have very specific functions. [3] Heterophagic intracellular digestion has an important job which is to break down all molecules that are brought into a cell by endocytosis. [3]
Type IV secretion system (T4SS or TFSS) is related to bacterial conjugation system, by which different bacteria can exchange their DNAs. The participating bacteria can be of the same or different Gram-negative bacterial species. It can transport single proteins, as well as protein-protein and DNA-protein complexes.
A transmission electron microscope image of isolated T3SS needle complexes from Salmonella Typhimurium. The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into the host's cells to promote virulence and colonisation.
Digestive enzymes independently came about in carnivorous plants and animals. [16] [17] [18] Some carnivorous plants like the Heliamphora do not use digestive enzymes, but use bacteria to break down the food. These plants do not have digestive juices, but use the rot of the prey. [19] Some carnivorous plants digestive enzymes: [20] Hydrolytic ...
Partial inactivation, or changing the functionality, of specific protein. For example, treatment of DNA polymerase I with subtilisin yields the Klenow fragment, which retains its polymerase function but lacks 5'-exonuclease activity. [36] Digestion of proteins in solution for proteome analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).