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Disc grinding is similar to surface grinding, but with a larger contact area between disc and workpiece. Disc grinders are available in both vertical and horizontal spindle types. Double disc grinders work both sides of a workpiece simultaneously. Disc grinders are capable of achieving especially fine tolerances. [2] [3]
The tolerances that are normally achieved with surface grinding are ±2 × 10 −4 inches (5.1 μm) for grinding a flat material and ±3 × 10 −4 inches (7.6 μm) for a parallel surface. [4] The surface grinder is composed of an abrasive wheel, a workholding device known as a chuck, either electromagnetic or vacuum, and a reciprocating table ...
For example, if a shaft with a nominal diameter of 10 mm is to have a sliding fit within a hole, the shaft might be specified with a tolerance range from 9.964 to 10 mm (i.e., a zero fundamental deviation, but a lower deviation of 0.036 mm) and the hole might be specified with a tolerance range from 10.04 mm to 10.076 mm (0.04 mm fundamental ...
There are two main grades of surface tolerance: [2] Grade A - Used for close-tolerance work, such as inspection or precision machining; Grade B - Lower surface tolerances, and are used for lower-precision machining; Parallels are first machined to rough dimensions, leaving a few millimeters to allow the rest to be ground.
A flat workpiece surface is processed, hence the word flat; the word honing is used because the cutting speed is low compared to grinding. A fixed abrasive is used to provide accuracy and optical appearance of the surface finish. Sometimes it is also called fine grinding or surface grinding using planetary kinematics.
Pedal-powered grinding machine, Russia, 1902. A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any of various power tools or machine tools used for grinding. It is a type of material removal using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. [1] Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece via shear deformation.
A tolerance is the expected limit of acceptable unintended deviation from a nominal or theoretical dimension. Therefore, a pair of tolerances, upper and lower, defines a range within which an actual dimension may fall while still being acceptable. In contrast, an allowance is a planned deviation from the nominal or theoretical dimension.
Abrasive machining works by forcing the abrasive particles, or grains, into the surface of the workpiece so that each particle cuts away a small bit of material. Abrasive machining is similar to conventional machining, such as milling or turning, because each of the abrasive particles acts like a miniature cutting tool.
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