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A cross-functional team (XFN), also known as a multidisciplinary team or interdisciplinary team, [1] [2] [3] is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. [4] It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments. Typically, it includes employees from all levels of an ...
[4] This is an example of cross-functional matrix management, and is not the same as when, in the 1980s, a department acquired PCs and hired programmers. [5] [6] Often senior employees, these employees are part of a product-oriented project manager's team but also report to another boss in a functional department.
The elements of concurrent engineering that were utilized were cross-functional teams as well as fast time-to-market and considering manufacturing processes when designing. [5] By involving multiple disciplines in decision making and planning, concurrent engineering has made product development more cost and time efficient.
The central characteristic of project teams in modern organizations is the autonomy and flexibility availed in the process or method undertaken to meet their goals. Most [quantify] project teams require involvement from more than one department, therefore most project teams can be classified as cross-functional teams.
Weak/functional matrix: A project manager with only limited authority is assigned to oversee the cross- functional aspects of the project. The functional managers maintain control over their resources and project areas. Balanced/functional matrix: A project manager is assigned to oversee the project.
Marks and colleagues argued further that effective MTS leadership must balance the management of component team actions while maintaining cross-team interdependencies in response to environmental demands. [5] In other words, MTS leaders must ensure that component team efforts throughout the system are aligned appropriately.
A common example of project teams are cross-functional teams. [33] A project team's effectiveness is associated with the speed with which they are able to create and develop new products and services which reduces time spent on individual projects. [34]
In business and project management, a responsibility assignment matrix [1] (RAM), also known as RACI matrix [2] (/ ˈ r eɪ s i /; responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) [3] [4] or linear responsibility chart [5] (LRC), is a model that describes the participation by various roles in completing tasks or deliverables [4] for a project or business process.