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  2. Untranslatability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslatability

    Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another (given) language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is considered a lacuna, or lexical gap. The term arises when describing the difficulty of achieving the so-called perfect translation.

  3. List of calques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calques

    A calque / k æ l k / or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") translation. This list contains examples of calques in various languages.

  4. Sarcasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcasm

    Sarcasm recognition and expression both require the development of understanding forms of language, especially if sarcasm occurs without a cue or signal (e.g., a sarcastic tone or rolling the eyes). Sarcasm is argued to be more sophisticated than lying because lying is expressed as early as the age of three, but sarcastic expressions take place ...

  5. Chinese particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles

    The first book devoted to the study of Chinese particles, 《語助》, was written by Lu Yi-Wei (盧以緯) in the period of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Later important works include 《助字辨略》 (Some Notes on the Helping Words) by Liu Qi (劉淇) and 《經傳釋詞》 (Explanations of the Articles Found in the Classics) by Wang Yin-Zhi (王引之), both published during the Qing ...

  6. Joke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke

    It usually takes the form of a story, often with dialogue, and ends in a punch line, whereby the humorous element of the story is revealed; this can be done using a pun or other type of word play, irony or sarcasm, logical incompatibility, hyperbole, or other means. [2] Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition:

  7. Humour in translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour_in_translation

    Humour in translation can be caused by translation errors, because of irregularities and discrepancies between certain items that translators attempt to translate. This could be due to the ignorance of the translator, as well as the untranslatability of the text as a result of linguistic or cultural differences. [ 1 ]

  8. Chinese translation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_translation_theory

    Chinese translation theory was born out of contact with vassal states during the Zhou dynasty. It developed through translations of Buddhist scripture into Chinese . It is a response to the universals of the experience of translation and to the specifics of the experience of translating from specific source languages into Chinese.

  9. Classical Chinese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar

    Zhongyong's) 父 fù father 利 lì profit 其 然 也 qí rán yě the thing (that he be invited) {} 父 利 {其 然 也} {} fù lì {qí rán yě} (Zhongyong's) father profit {the thing} The father considered the thing as profitable . For an adjective, it becomes an observation in the form of "consider (object) (the adjective)". ex: 漁 yú fish 人 rén man 甚 shèn very 異 yì strange ...