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The 13th century saw the rise of the magnetic compass for overseas travel. Prior to its creation, seamen would have to rely on landmarks and stars as guides for navigation. The compass allowed sailors to plot a course, and using magnetic north as a reference, could travel through fog and overcast.
9th century – The sine quadrant, was invented by Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in the 9th century at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. [3]: 128 The other types were the universal quadrant, the horary quadrant and the astrolabe quadrant. 10th century – sea-going junk ships built in China. Late 10th century – Kamal invented in Arab world.
The Royal Road was built in the late 18th century by King Kpengla which stretched from Abomey through Cana up to Ouidah. [ 20 ] Between 1725 and 1737 General George Wade constructed 250 miles (400 km) of road and 40 bridges to improve Britain 's control of the Scottish Highlands , using Roman road designs with large stones at the bottom and ...
History of Transportation in the United States before 1860 (1917). pp 366–72 online Archived January 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; 698pp; Encyclopedic coverage; railroads by state pp 319–550; Google edition; Miner, Craig.
Guide to Railway History, worldwide (2016) Waggonway Research Circle: The Wollaton Wagonway of 1604. The World's First Overland Railway Archived 2012-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, August 2005; Adams, Cyrus C. (January 1906). "The World's Great Railroad Enterprises: Big Schemes on Every Continent". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XIII ...
The line originally used wooden rails and a hemp haulage rope and was operated by human or animal power, through a treadwheel. [9] The line still exists and remains operational, although in updated form. It may be the oldest operational railway. [10] Minecart shown in De Re Metallica (1556). The guide pin fits in a groove between two wooden planks.
The 18th and 19th century origins of the appeal to white victimhood. ... The Centuries of History Behind a Key Trump Strategy. Gunther Peck / Made by History. December 12, 2024 at 12:22 PM.
The most sophisticated roads were those of the Baghdad, Iraq, which were paved with tar in the 8th century. [5] Canals and irrigation systems. The oldest known canals were built in Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE, in what is now Iraq and Syria. The Indus Valley civilisation in India and Pakistan from c3300 BCE had a sophisticated canal irrigation ...