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  2. Clean hands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_hands

    Clean hands, sometimes called the clean hands doctrine, unclean hands doctrine, or dirty hands doctrine, [1] is an equitable defense in which the defendant argues that the plaintiff is not entitled to obtain an equitable remedy because the plaintiff is acting unethically or has acted in bad faith with respect to the subject of the complaint—that is, with "unclean hands".

  3. United States v. Carroll Towing Co. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Carroll...

    Cir. 1947), [1] is a decision from the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals that proposed a test to determine the standard of care for the tort of negligence. The judgment was written by Judge Learned Hand wherein he described what is now called the Hand formula, a classic example of a balancing test.

  4. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil...

    (FRCP 8(a)(2)). One important exception to this rule is that, when a party alleges fraud, it must plead the facts of the alleged fraud with particularity. (FRCP 9(b)). Rule 10 describes what information should be in the caption (the front page) of a pleading, but does not explain how such information should actually be organized in the caption ...

  5. Hand formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_formula

    In the United States, the Hand formula, also known as the Hand rule, calculus of negligence, or BPL formula, is a conceptual formula created by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v.

  6. American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bar_Association...

    1.7-1.11: Conflicts of Interest, including restrictions on attorneys arising from current clients, [9] [10] former clients, [11] prior work as a government employee or judge, [12] [13] and association with law firms. [14] 2 Counselor 2.1: Attorney's role as a candid advisor on topics within and outside of the law. [15] 3 Advocate

  7. Federal Tort Claims Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Tort_Claims_Act

    The Federal Tort Claims Act (August 2, 1946, ch. 646, Title IV, 60 Stat. 812, 28 U.S.C. Part VI, Chapter 171 and 28 U.S.C. § 1346) ("FTCA") is a 1946 federal statute that permits private parties to sue the United States in a federal court for most torts committed by persons acting on behalf of the United States.

  8. Jencks Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jencks_Act

    The bar against compulsory disclosure prior to the testimony of the witness whose statement is sought cannot be circumvented by resort to the Freedom of Information Act, [36] or Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. [37] It is left to the discretion of the trial court to determine whether Jencks material can be delivered before trial.

  9. Case or Controversy Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_or_Controversy_Clause

    Article III, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution states: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to ...