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For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of callable units – with different implications and features.
Nested functions can be used for unstructured control flow, by using the return statement for general unstructured control flow.This can be used for finer-grained control than is possible with other built-in features of the language – for example, it can allow early termination of a for loop if break is not available, or early termination of a nested for loop if a multi-level break or ...
A wrapper function is a function (another word for a subroutine) in a software library or a computer program whose main purpose is to call a second subroutine [1] or a system call with little or no additional computation. Wrapper functions simplify writing computer programs by abstracting the details of a subroutine's implementation.
Unlike argument in usual mathematical usage, the argument in computer science is the actual input expression passed/supplied to a function, procedure, or routine in the invocation/call statement, whereas the parameter is the variable inside the implementation of the subroutine. For example, if one defines the add subroutine as def add(x, y ...
A function pointer, also called a subroutine pointer or procedure pointer, is a pointer referencing executable code, ... Even the above typedef examples use this syntax.
For example, if the subroutine modifies a 64-bit global variable on a 32-bit machine, the operation may be split into two 32-bit operations, and thus, if the subroutine is interrupted while executing, and called again from the interrupt handler, the global variable may be in a state where only 32 bits have been updated.
In computer programming, a return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in the code immediately after the instruction which called the subroutine, known as its return address. The return address is saved by the calling routine, today usually on the process's call stack or in a register.
For example, if a subroutine named DrawLine is currently running, having been called by a subroutine DrawSquare, the top part of the call stack might be laid out like in the adjacent picture. A diagram like this can be drawn in either direction as long as the placement of the top, and so direction of stack growth, is understood.