Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Logical consequence is necessary and formal, by way of examples that explain with formal proof and models of interpretation. [1] A sentence is said to be a logical consequence of a set of sentences, for a given language , if and only if , using only logic (i.e., without regard to any personal interpretations of the sentences) the sentence must ...
The choice of how to group participants depends on the research hypothesis and on how the participants are sampled.In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant ...
An example of a conventional implicature is "Donovan is poor but happy", where the word "but" implicates a sense of contrast between being poor and being happy. [ 7 ] Later linguists introduced refined and different definitions of the term, leading to somewhat different ideas about which parts of the information conveyed by an utterance are ...
If, on the other hand, you subscribe to a genetic theory of relevance then the study of genes becomes relevant. If you subscribe to the epistemology of empiricism, then only intersubjectively controlled observations are relevant. If, on the other hand, you subscribe to feminist epistemology, then the sex of the observer becomes relevant.
For example, carrying on from the previous example, one can say that knowing that someone is called Socrates is sufficient to know that someone has a Name. A necessary and sufficient condition requires that both of the implications S ⇒ N {\displaystyle S\Rightarrow N} and N ⇒ S {\displaystyle N\Rightarrow S} (the latter of which can also be ...
The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies ...
The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.If instrumentation is involved, the researcher is expected to calibrate his/her instrument by applying it to known standard objects and documenting the results before applying it to unknown objects.
Formal contexts with finitely many attributes possess a canonical basis of valid implications, [3] i.e., an irredundant family of valid implications from with all valid implications can be inferred. This basis consists of all implications of the form P → P "\ P , where P is a pseudo-intent , i.e., a pseudo-closed set in the closure system of ...