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A tipi or tepee (/ ˈ t iː p i / TEE-pee) is a conical lodge tent that is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal hides or pelts or, in more recent generations, of canvas stretched on a framework of wooden poles.
Dakota-style tipis and Ojibwe wigwam, White Earth, Minnesota, 1928 Ojibwe wigwam, from an 1846 painting by Paul Kane. Wigwams are most often seasonal structures, although the term is applied to rounded and conical structures that are more permanent. Wigwams usually take longer to put up than tipis. Their frames are usually not portable like a tipi.
A flap in the animal skins serves as a doorway, and a hole in the center of the tepee’s roof allows smoke and heat to escape. In Lakota culture, the four sides of a tepee represent both space and time. The tepee itself symbolizes the world, with each corner embodying one of the four cardinal directions. [6]
The general pattern of a tipi (also "tepee") ring is an east-facing entrance, where there are no stones, and a heavily anchored side with extra stones for protection against prevailing winds, often on the northwestern side of the ring. Hearths found in the center of tipi rings suggest a winter encampment.
Teepees are largely the result of evaporation of water and subsequent precipitation of minerals within sediment, resulting in expansion and buckling to form a teepee-like shape. Their name originates from geologists working in the Guadalupe Mountains, who noted their appearance in cross-section resembles that of a Native American teepee. [1]
Native populations continue to grow. In 2020, 9.1 million people in the United States identified as Native American and Alaska Native, an increase of 86.5% increase over the 2010 census.They now ...
Buffalo hides have provided material for tipis. [12] The Bannock are prominent in American history due to the Bannock War of 1878. After the war, the Bannock moved onto the Fort Hall Indian Reservation with the Northern Shoshone and gradually their tribes merged. Today they are called the Shoshone-Bannock.
On a special episode (first released on January 2, 2025) of The Excerpt podcast: For centuries, Native American art has been viewed through the lens of collectors, art historians, and tourists ...