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Thus, foragers as an economic type tend to have band organization. Similarly, many pastoralists and horticulturalists have lived in tribal societies or, more simply, tribes. While most chiefdoms had farming economies, herding was important in some of the Middle Eastern chiefdoms. The non-industrial states usually had an agricultural base.
Territories with band society 4000 year BP (yellow) Sphere of the band societies changing with the time. A band society, sometimes called a camp, or in older usage, a horde, is the simplest form of human society. A band generally consists of a small kin group, no larger than an extended family or clan. The general consensus of modern ...
The ancient Hebrew nation (the Israelites) is one of the better-known examples, with biblical tradition denoting 12 tribes originating from one common ancestor . The largest segmentary lineage society today is believed to be the Pashtun people , originally from Afghanistan but now also in Pakistan , with some 50 million members organised into a ...
In 1962, Elman Service published his four classifications of the stages of social evolution and political organizations: band, tribe, chiefdom, and state. He also developed the "managerial benefits" theory, which states that chiefdom-like society developed because of the apparent benefits of centralized leadership.
Chiefdoms are described as intermediate between tribes and states in the progressive scheme of sociopolitical development formulated by Elman Service: band - tribe - chiefdom - state. [5] A chief's status is based on kinship, so it is inherited or ascribed, in contrast to the achieved status of Big Man leaders of tribes. [6]
A big man is a highly influential individual in a tribe, especially in Melanesia and Polynesia. Such a person may not have formal tribal or other authority (through for instance material possessions, or inheritance of rights), but can maintain recognition through skilled persuasion and wisdom.
Warriors Path State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on 349 acres (141 ha) in Liberty Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.It is named for the Great Indian Warpath that was used by the Iroquois in war raids with the Cherokee and other tribes.
Bushy Run Battlefield Park was established as a Pennsylvania state park in 1927 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. Bushy Run Battlefield Park is the only historic site or museum that deals exclusively with Pontiac's Rebellion and Pennsylvania's only recognized Native American battlefield.