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Switzerland's most important exports during the war were precision machine tools, watches, jewel bearings (used in bomb sights), electricity, and dairy products. Until 1936, the Swiss franc was the only remaining major freely convertible currency in the world, [ 46 ] and both the Allies and the Germans sold large amounts of gold to the Swiss ...
In response, Russia issued an ultimatum to Vienna via Saint Petersburg, warning Austria-Hungary against attacking Serbia. As the conflict escalated with the invasion of Serbia, Russia commenced mobilizing its reserve army along the border of Austria-Hungary. Consequently, on July 31, Germany demanded that Russia demobilize. When Russia did not ...
Russia was one of the major belligerents in the First World War: from August 1914 to December 1917, it fought on the Entente's side against the Central Powers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was a great power in terms of its vast territory, population, and agricultural resources.
The United States was a major supplier of war materials to the Allies but remained neutral in 1914, in large part due to domestic opposition. [7] The most significant factor in creating the support Wilson needed was the German submarine offensive, which not only cost American lives, but paralysed trade as ships were reluctant to put to sea. [8]
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
But military reversals and the government's incompetence soon soured much of the population. Enemy control of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea severed Russia from most of its foreign supplies and markets. Russia had not prepared for a major war and reacted very slowly as problems mounted in 1914–16. Inflation became a serious problem.
World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers , [ 1 ] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred on the Triple Entente of Britain , France and Russia ) and the Central Powers (originally centred on the Triple Alliance of ...
Russia–Switzerland relations are foreign relations between Russia and Switzerland. Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until ...