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In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2) (x + 2) is a polynomial ...
A general-purpose factoring algorithm, also known as a Category 2, Second Category, or Kraitchik family algorithm, [10] has a running time which depends solely on the size of the integer to be factored. This is the type of algorithm used to factor RSA numbers. Most general-purpose factoring algorithms are based on the congruence of squares method.
Factorization of polynomials. In mathematics and computer algebra, factorization of polynomials or polynomial factorization expresses a polynomial with coefficients in a given field or in the integers as the product of irreducible factors with coefficients in the same domain. Polynomial factorization is one of the fundamental components of ...
The factor theorem is also used to remove known zeros from a polynomial while leaving all unknown zeros intact, thus producing a lower degree polynomial whose zeros may be easier to find. Abstractly, the method is as follows: [3] Deduce the candidate of zero of the polynomial from its leading coefficient and constant term .
Animation depicting the process of completing the square. (Details, animated GIF version) In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form to the form for some values of and . [1] In terms of a new quantity , this expression is a quadratic ...
On a quantum computer, to factor an integer , Shor's algorithm runs in polynomial time, meaning the time taken is polynomial in . [6] It takes quantum gates of order using fast multiplication, [7] or even utilizing the asymptotically fastest multiplication algorithm currently known due to Harvey and Van Der Hoven, [8] thus demonstrating that ...
is a horizontal line with y-intercept a0. The graph of a degree 1 polynomial (or linear function) f(x) = a0 + a1x, where a1 ≠ 0, is an oblique line with y-intercept a0 and slope a1. The graph of a degree 2 polynomial. f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2, where a2 ≠ 0. is a parabola. The graph of a degree 3 polynomial.
Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: That difference is algebraically factorable as ; if neither factor equals one, it is a proper factorization of N. Each odd number has such a representation. Indeed, if is a factorization of N, then.