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Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present. Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72° north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. [1]
The Bering Sea (/ ˈ b ɛər ɪ ŋ, ˈ b ɛr ɪ ŋ / BAIR-ing, BERR-ing, US also / ˈ b ɪər ɪ ŋ / BEER-ing; [1] [2] [3] Russian: Бе́рингово мо́ре, romanized: Béringovo móre, IPA: [ˈbʲerʲɪnɡəvə ˈmorʲe]) is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean.
Map of Beringia showing the Seward Peninsula. The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska whose westernmost point is Cape Prince of Wales . The peninsula projects about 200 mi (320 km) into the Bering Sea between Norton Sound , the Bering Strait , the Chukchi Sea , and Kotzebue Sound , just below ...
Archeologists disagree [6] whether it was across this Bering Land Bridge, also called Beringia, that humans first migrated from Asia to populate the Americas, [5] [7] or whether it was via a coastal route. [8] Bering Land Bridge National Monument was established in 1978 by Presidential proclamation under the authority of the Antiquities Act. [9]
Both humans and Arctodus are first dated to ~50,000 BP in Beringia, both from sites in the Yukon, and co-existed until Arctodus went extinct in Beringia ~23,000 BP during the Last Glacial Maximum. This co-existence continued through the regional extinction of other Beringian predators such as cave lions, brown bears and saber-tooth cats . [ 109 ]
Square brackets are used with phonetic notation, whether broad or narrow [17] – that is, for actual pronunciation, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document. Such phonetic notation is the primary function ...
Beringia is in the Bering tundra ecoregion. The region experiences a Subarctic climate, without dry season (Köppen climate classification Subarctic climate (Dfc)).This climate is characterized by mild summers (only 1–3 months above 10 °C (50.0 °F)) and cold, snowy winters (coldest month below −3 °C (26.6 °F)).
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of maternal (mtDNA) gene-flow in and out of Beringia (long chronology, single source model). The Ancient Beringian (AB) is a human archaeogenetic lineage, based on the genome of an infant found at the Upward Sun River site (dubbed USR1), dated to 11,500 years ago. [1]