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When Pope Urban II declared the First Crusade in 1095, he also sent envoys to the main Italian maritime republics for naval assistance to the crusading armies. [1] The Republic of Genoa was the first to respond, sending a small squadron east in 1097, which joined with the Byzantine navy in the Crusade's early operations, [2] apparently followed by smaller squadrons and individual ships. [3]
His Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges [183] was a history of the First Crusade and contains a full study of the authorities for the First Crusade, and was translated to History and Literature of the Crusades [152] by English author Lucie, Lady Duff-Gordon. [184] The greatest German historian of the Crusades was then Reinhold Röhricht.
The Western sources for the history of the Crusades begin with the original Latin chronicles. Later works on the First Crusade were mostly derived from these and are exemplified by William of Tyre's Historia and its continuations. The later Crusades produced a vast library of first-hand accounts, biographies and chronicles. [10]
Early February. The First Crusade begins as the leaders are identified and form their armies. [m] [116] 12 April. The People's Crusade commences with Peter the Hermit and his army arriving at Cologne. [n] [117] 18 May. The Worms massacre begins the Rhineland massacres of Jews. [118] August 15. The Armies of the First Crusade begin to depart for ...
William of Tyre writing his history, from a 13th-century Old French translation, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, MS 2631, f.1r. The historiography of the Crusades is the study of history-writing and the written history, especially as an academic discipline, regarding the military expeditions initially undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, or 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
The list of collections of Crusader sources provides those collections of original sources for the Crusades from the 17th century through the 20th century. These include collections, regesta and bibliotheca, and provide valuable insight into the historiography of the Crusades though the identification of the various editions and translations of the sources, as well as commentary on these sources.
Route of the First Crusade through Asia. The First Crusade march down the Mediterranean coast, from recently taken Antioch to Jerusalem, started on 13 January 1099.During the march the Crusaders encountered little resistance, as local rulers preferred to make peace with them and furnish them with supplies rather than fight, with a notable exception of the aborted siege of Arqa. [1]
The Orkneyinga saga, also called the History of the Earls of Orkney, is a narrative of the history of the Orkney and Shetland islands and their relationship with Norway and Scotland. It was first written in the 12th century and updated several times afterward. Many of the pilgrimages of the Scandinavians are discussed in the saga. [50]