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The council was formally closed in 1960 by Pope John XXIII, prior to the formation of the Second Vatican Council. [23] In reaction to the political implications of the doctrine of infallibility on the sovereignty of secular states, some of the European kingdoms and republics took rapid action against the Catholic Church.
The terms Old Catholic Church, Old Catholics, Old-Catholic churches, [4] or Old Catholic movement, [5] designate "any of the groups of Western Christians who believe themselves to maintain in complete loyalty the doctrine and traditions of the undivided church but who separated from the See of Rome after the First Vatican council of 1869–70".
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The First Vatican Council presided by Pius IX. Pius IX was the first pope to popularize encyclicals on a large scale to foster his views. He decisively acted on the century-old struggle between Dominicans and Franciscans regarding the Immaculate Conception of Mary, deciding in favour of the latter ones. [12]
Dei Filius is the incipit of the dogmatic constitution of the First Vatican Council on the Catholic faith, which was adopted unanimously, and issued by Pope Pius IX on 24 April 1870. The constitution set forth the teaching of "the holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church" on God, revelation and faith. [1]
The council met from 1512–1517 in twelve sessions under Pope Julius II and his successor Pope Leo X. [27] This was the first council to have a representative from the New World, Alessandro Geraldini, the Archbishop of Santo Domingo, attend. [28]
Vatican Council may refer to: First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the 20th ecumenical council recognized by Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the 21st ecumenical council recognized by Roman Catholicism
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