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A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches. [2]
Switching loops can cause misleading entries in a switch's media access control (MAC) database and can cause endless unicast frames to be broadcast throughout the network. A loop can make a switch receive the same broadcast frames on two different ports, and alternatingly associate the sending MAC address with the one or the other port.
Networking hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer network. Typically, this includes routers , switches , access points , network interface cards and other related hardware.
Switched fabric or switching fabric is a network topology in which network nodes interconnect via one or more network switches [1] (particularly crossbar switches).Because a switched fabric network spreads network traffic across multiple physical links, it yields higher total throughput than broadcast networks, such as the early 10BASE5 version of Ethernet and most wireless networks such as Wi-Fi.
Donald Davies' work on data communications and computer network design became well known in the United States, Europe and Japan and was the "cornerstone" that inspired numerous packet switching networks in the decade following.
For example, if switches A (MAC = 0200.0000.1111) and B (MAC = 0200.0000.2222) both have a priority of 32,768 then switch A will be selected as the root bridge. [b] If the network administrators would like switch B to become the root bridge, they must set its priority to be less than 32,768. [c]
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The technology was developed by Kalpana, the company that introduced the first Ethernet switch. [4] The primary advantage of cut-through Ethernet switches, compared to store-and-forward Ethernet switches, is lower latency. [1] Cut-through Ethernet switches can support an end-to-end network delay latency of about ten