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The working conditions for "drawers" exemplify some of the changes following the Industrial Revolution. The Condition-of-England question was a debate in the Victorian era over the issue of the English working class during the Industrial Revolution. It was first proposed by Thomas Carlyle in his essay Chartism (1839).
Houses of this type had become common in inner city areas of Victorian England, especially in Birmingham, Bradford, [7] Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Salford and in Nottingham, where about 7,500 of their 11,000 houses (roughly 68 per cent) [2] were built back-to-back. Town authorities were well aware that back-to-backs were undesirable, but ...
The Victorian Church (2 vol 1966), covers all denominations online; Clark, G. Kitson The making of Victorian England (1963). online; Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, eds. The encyclopedia of the Victorian world: a reader's companion to the people, places, events, and everyday life of the Victorian era (Henry Holt, 1996) online
In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Slightly different definitions are sometimes used.
In Darkest England and the Way Out is an 1890 book written by William Booth in which Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, proposed a number of social reforms to improve the living conditions of the poor in Victorian England. Among other measures, Booth envisioned the creation of "City Colonies", "Farm Colonies" and "Over-Sea Colonies ...
The Chimney of the World: A History of Smoke Pollution in Victorian and Edwardian Manchester (2001). Niemi, Marjaana. Public Health and Municipal Policy Making: Britain and Sweden, 1900–1940 (Ashgate, 2007) Porter, Roy. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity (W.W. Norton, 1997) pp. 397–427. Porter, Roy, and Dorothy ...
Communal dining area of a Common lodging-house in New York, circa 1910 Children within a Common lodging-house, Christmas 1910. Urban reformer Jacob Riis was not only an advocate for improving the condition of people living in cheap lodging houses; he had lived in them as a young man, an experience he described in his slum memoir How the Other Half Lives (1890).
A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in the United Kingdom in 1835. The nature of the Industrial Revolution's impact on living standards in Britain is debated among historians, with Charles Feinstein identifying detrimental impacts on British workers, whilst other historians, including Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson claim the Industrial Revolution improved the living standards of British ...