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Parental care is a behavioural and evolutionary strategy adopted by some animals, involving a parental investment being made to the evolutionary fitness of offspring.
In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent or non-blood relations. Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent or surrogate with good parenting skills may be referred to as a good parent. [3]
Paternal care may be provided in concert with the mother (biparental care) or, more rarely, by the male alone (so called exclusive paternal care). The provision of care, by either males or females, is presumed to increase growth rates, quality, and/or survival of young, and hence ultimately increase the inclusive fitness of parents.
Parental investment, in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (e.g. time, energy, resources) that benefits offspring. [1] [2] Parental investment may be performed by both males and females (called biparental care), females alone (exclusive maternal care) or males alone (exclusive paternal care).
Parental care is a form of altruism, which means that the behaviors involved often require a sacrifice that could put their own survival at risk. [1] This encompasses behaviors that aid in the evolutionary success of the offspring and parental investment , which is a measure of expenditure (time, energy, etc.) exerted by the parent in an ...
Alloparenting in humans is a common form of parental care in a variety of cultures and can include care giving from siblings, grandparents, other relatives and unrelated family members such as teachers for providing learning and support. One particular example is a situation in which grandparents adopt a parental role.
Allomothering, or allomaternal care, is parental care provided by group members other than the genetic mother.This is a common feature of many cooperative breeding species, including some mammal, bird and insect species.
Demonstration for parental leave in the European Parliament. Parental leave, or family leave, is an employee benefit available in almost all countries. [1] The term "parental leave" may include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave; or may be used distinctively from "maternity leave" and "paternity leave" to describe separate family leave available to either parent to care for their own ...