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The main cause of endothelial dysfunction is impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide. [ 1 ] In addition to acting as a semipermeable membrane , the endothelium is responsible for maintaining vascular tone and regulating oxidative stress by releasing mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin , and by controlling local ...
[1] [8] Complications may include backward blood flow in the heart, heart failure – the heart struggling to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's needs, abnormal electrical conduction in the heart, stroke, and kidney failure. [1] [2] [8] [9] The cause is typically a bacterial infection and less commonly a fungal infection. [1]
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves . Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum , the chordae tendineae , the mural endocardium, or the surfaces of intracardiac devices.
Etiologically, four main causes are responsible for the development of heart failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy: microangiopathy and related endothelial dysfunction, autonomic neuropathy, metabolic alterations that include abnormal glucose use and increased fatty acid oxidation, generation and accumulation of free radicals, and alterations in ...
In severe cases, inflammation can lead to sepsis or distributive shock. [11] Vasodilation is also a major component of anaphylaxis. [12] Inflammation causes not only vasodilation but also causes increased vascular permeability, allowing neutrophils, complement proteins, and antibodies to reach the site of infection or damage. [7]
“A nutrient-adequate diet is focused on improving endothelial health, addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance that may arise during the menopausal transition ...
Endothelial dysfunction has also been shown to be predictive of future adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, heart disease, and is also present in inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. [18] [19] Endothelial dysfunction is a result of changes in endothelial function.
The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. Although an ongoing debate involving connection between dietary lipids and CHD sometimes portrays the two hypotheses as being opposed, they ...
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