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Once industrialisation began in Great Britain, new factors can be added: the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial expertise and the willingness to import the process. Britain met the criteria and industrialized starting in the 18th century, and then it exported the process to western Europe (especially Belgium, France, and ...
A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in the United Kingdom in 1835. The nature of the Industrial Revolution's impact on living standards in Britain is debated among historians, with Charles Feinstein identifying detrimental impacts on British workers, whilst other historians, including Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson claim the Industrial Revolution improved the living standards of British ...
The Imperial Horizons of British Protestant Missions, 1880–1914 (2003) Prevost, Elizabeth. "Assessing Women, Gender, and Empire in Britain's Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missionary Movement." History Compass 7#3 (2009): 765–799. Stanley, Brian. The Bible and the Flag: Protestant Mission and British Imperialism in the 19th and 20th ...
However, the British were saddled with huge debts following the French and Indian War. As much of the British debt had been generated by the defense of the colonies, British leaders felt that the colonies should contribute more funds, and they began imposing taxes such as the Sugar Act of 1764. [96]
After the loss of the American colonies in 1776, Britain built a "Second British Empire", based in colonies in India, Asia, Australia, Canada. The crown jewel was India, where in the 1750s a private British company, with its own army, the East India Company (or "John Company"), took control of parts of India. The 19th century saw Company rule ...
With defeat by the United States, France and Spain in the War of American Independence, Great Britain lost its 13 American colonies and rebuilt a Second British Empire based in Asia and Africa. As a result, British culture, and its technological, political, constitutional, and linguistic influence, became worldwide.
In 1983, the British Nationality Act 1981 renamed the existing Crown Colonies as "British Dependent Territories", [a] and in 2002 they were renamed the British Overseas Territories. [260] Most former British colonies and protectorates are members of the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population ...
Some themes in British ballads and other popular culture have been argued to derive from pre-Christian sources, though there are many uncertainties in their influences due to dynamic elements and continued close contacts with Germanic-speaking cultures across the North Sea and multiple possible cultures of origin.