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In 1984 Congress passed the National Fishing Enhancement Act (NFEA) which provided the basis for artificial reef programs. [23] The NFEA spawned the National Artificial Reef Plan of 1985. This plan cleared the way for government-endorsed artificial reef projects and subsequently the Minerals Management Services' Rigs-to-Reef program. [3]
Unless otherwise stated the source is the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. [4] The list is ordered north to south with some imprecision around the San Francisco Bay and Channel Islands locations. Pyramid Point State Marine Conservation Area, Del Norte County; Point St. George Reef Offshore State Marine Conservation Area, Del Norte County
Chevron Reef, also known as Pratte's Reef, was an artificial reef constructed in 2000 in Santa Monica Bay, offshore from Dockweiler State Beach. It was the first artificial surfing reef in the United States and was the second to be built worldwide. [1] It was removed in 2008.
In the context of recreational diving, a reef may be a coral reef or a bottom of predominantly consolidated inorganic material, like rocky reef, and in the broader sense includes artificial structures and even ships sunk as artificial reefs. No special equipment is needed for most reef dive sites, but sufficient skill in buoyancy and depth ...
The artificial reef, which contains more than 30 scuttled and wrecked vessels, was the first to be constructed in Europe. [151] [155] It continues to be one of the largest. [156] Expansion of the Artificial Reef halted after the cargo vessel 'New Flame' collided with the 'Torm Gertrud' and sank in an area known as 'Los Picos'.
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Diving and sightseeing are popular activities in and near this sanctuary. [6] The three banks—East Flower Garden Bank, West Flower Garden Bank, and Stetson Bank—are underwater mountains. The banks support coral reefs, some of the healthiest in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic region. These reef communities began developing on the salt ...
In her 35-year career, she made some 3600 voyages and traveled more than 800,000 miles. The vessel was retired in 1981 and destined for the scrap yard. Instead, the San Diego Council of Diving Instructors and The California Department of Fish and Game requested her for an artificial reef program. Kelco donated the retired ship.