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A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sector institutions. [1] [2] Typically, it involves private capital financing government projects and services up-front, and then drawing revenues from taxpayers and/or users for profit over the course of the PPP contract. [3]
Public–private partnerships (PPP or P3) are cooperative arrangements between two or more public and private sectors, typically of a long-term nature. [1] In the United States , they mostly took the form of toll roads concessions , community post offices and urban renewal projects. [ 2 ]
Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, charity or public service from the public sector (the state or government) or common use to the private sector (businesses that operate for a private profit) or to private non-profit organizations.
Public enterprises, or state-owned enterprises, are self-financing commercial enterprises that are under public ownership which provide various private goods and services for sale and usually operate on a commercial basis. Organizations that are not part of the public sector are either part of the private sector or voluntary sector.
This is a list of the world's largest non-governmental privately held companies by revenue.This list does not include state-owned enterprises like Sinopec, State Grid, China National Petroleum, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, Pemex, Petrobras, PDVSA and others.
A hybrid organization is an organization that mixes elements, value systems and action logics (e.g. social impact and profit generation) of various sectors of society, i.e. the public sector, the private sector and the voluntary sector.
States legally regulate the private sector. Businesses operating within a country must comply with the laws in that country. In some cases, usually involving multinational corporations that can pick and choose their suppliers and locations based on their perception of the regulatory environment, local state regulations have resulted in uneven practices within one company.
Ansell and Gash (2008) define collaborative governance as follows: [7] 'A governing arrangement where one or more public agencies directly engage non-state stakeholders in a collective decision-making process that is formal, consensus-oriented, and deliberative and that aims to make or implement public policy or manage public programs or assets'.