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The Language Movement Day (Bengali: ভাষা আন্দোলন দিবস, romanized: Bhāṣā Āndōlôn Dibôs), officially called Language Martyrs' Day (Bengali: শহীদ দিবস, romanized: Śôhīd Dibôs), is a national holiday of Bangladesh taking place on 21 February each year and commemorating the Bengali language movement and its martyrs.
Facing rising sectarian tensions and mass discontent with the new law, the government outlawed public meetings and rallies. The students of the University of Dhaka and other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952. The movement reached its climax when police killed student demonstrators on that day.
1999: UNESCO proclaims 21 February (Ekushey February) as International Mother Language Day 2000: Inaugural celebration of International Mother Language Day [ citation needed ] 2002: Linguistic-diversity theme, featuring 3,000 endangered languages (motto: In the galaxy of languages, every word is a star.) [ citation needed ]
Abul Barkat (Bengali: আবুল বরকত; 16 June 1927 – 21 February 1952) was a protester killed during the Bengali Language Movement protests which took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh), in 1952. [1] [2] He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh. [3] [4]
Abdul Jabbar (11 October 1919 – 21 February 1952) was a protester who was killed during the Bengali language movement in 1952 that took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh). [1] [2] He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh. [2] [3]
After the incident, the Assam government had to withdraw and Bengali was ultimately given official status in Barak Valley's three districts. [9] [10] Section 5 of Assam Act XVIII, 1961 safeguards the use of Bengali in the Cachar district. It states, "Without prejudice to the provisions contained in Section 3, the Bengali language shall be used ...
In 1979, a book fair was held in the Bangla Academy courtyard in collaboration with the Bangladesh Publishers and Booksellers Association. In 1984, the first official Amar Ekushey Grontho Mela was held under formal guidelines. [4] In the initial years, the book fair lasted a week, from 15 to 21 February.
[44] 21 February has since been observed as Language Movement Day in Bangladesh and has also been commemorated as International Mother Language Day by UNESCO every year since 2000. In 2010, the parliament of Bangladesh and the legislative assembly of West Bengal proposed that Bengali be made an official UN language. [45]