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Architectural lighting designer is a stand-alone profession that sits alongside the professions of architecture, interior design, landscape architecture and electrical engineering. [ 23 ] One of the earliest proponents of architectural lighting design was Richard Kelly who established his practice in 1935.
Richard Kelly (1910–1977) was an American lighting designer, considered one of the pioneers of architectural lighting design. [1] Kelly had already established his own New York-based lighting practice in 1935 before enrolling at the Yale School of Architecture. He graduated from there in 1944.
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Another prescriptive approach is a method that uses two types of side-lighting, and three types of top-lighting to determine if a minimum of 75% daylighting is achieved in the occupied spaces. A third approach uses indoor light measurements showing that between 108 and 5,400 lux have been achieved in the space.
Lighting design as it applies to the built environment is known as 'architectural lighting design'. Lighting of structures considers aesthetic elements as well as practical considerations of quantity of light required, occupants of the structure, energy efficiency, and cost.
Paul Marantz is an American architectural lighting designer, whose work includes the discothèque Studio 54, [1] [2] the Times Square Ball, [3] [4] [5] the Tribute in Light, [2] [3] the Barnes Foundation, [6] [7] and the Burj Khalifa. [8] [9] He is a founder of the lighting design firm Fisher Marantz Stone. [2] [10]
During his time at Yale, McCandless published some of the first books to lay out a method and approach to the art of lighting design. In his book A Method of Lighting the Stage (1932), McCandless details his method of lighting design which is based on the idea of breaking the stage down into uniform acting areas and manipulating light in terms of intensity, color, distribution, and control.
L'Observatoire International is a lighting design firm established by Hervé Descottes in 1993 in New York City.The firm works within a range of different spatial expressions including architecture, landscape, urban, and fine art projects.