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A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler invented in 1828 by Marc Seguin, [1] in which hot gases pass from a fire through one or more tubes running through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction , heating the water and ultimately creating steam .
It is best known from its popularity in model engineering, as a multi-tube boiler that's relatively easy to construct. The boiler consists of two concentric drums with a waterspace between them. Fire-tubes pass through this drum, arranged symmetrically around the diameter. The entire boiler is wrapped in a cylindrical smokebox.
Multi-tube boiler: fire-tube boiler with multiple small fire-tubes, rather than a single large flue. Mumford boiler: A form of three-drum water-tube boiler by A. G. Mumford of Colchester. [39] The water-tubes are highly curved and the flue only covers the centre of the steam drum, not enclosing its whole length. [40]
A vertical boiler is a type of fire-tube or water-tube boiler where the boiler barrel is oriented vertically instead of the more common horizontal orientation. Vertical boilers were used for a variety of steam -powered vehicles and other mobile machines, including early steam locomotives .
Vertical fire-tube boiler, as used in a Leyland steam wagon. A vertical fire-tube boiler or vertical multitubular boiler is a vertical boiler where the heating surface is composed of multiple small fire-tubes, arranged vertically. [1] These boilers were not common, owing to drawbacks with excessive wear in service.
Internal layout of a three-pass fire-tube boiler. Package boilers are commonly called water or fire tube Boilers. Water tube boilers use convection heating, which draws the heat from the fire source, and passes against the generating tubes of the boiler, causing water inside those tubes to boil off into steam.
The only railway use of water-tube boilers in any numbers was the Brotan boiler, invented by Johann Brotan in Austria in 1902, and found in rare examples throughout Europe, although Hungary was a keen user and had around 1,000 of them. Like the Baldwin, it combined a water-tube firebox with a fire-tube barrel.
Fire-tube boilers usually have a comparatively low rate of steam production, but high steam storage capacity. Fire-tube boilers mostly burn solid fuels, but are readily adaptable to those of the liquid or gas variety. Fire-tube boilers may also be referred to as "scotch-marine" or "marine" type boilers. [7] Diagram of a water-tube boiler.
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