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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
The peroxide group is marked in blue. R, R 1 and R 2 mark hydrocarbon moieties. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Many organic peroxides are known as well. In addition to hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of ...
Sodium percarbonate or sodium carbonate peroxide is a chemical substance with empirical formula Na 2 H 3 CO 6.It is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate) whose formula is more properly written as 2 Na 2 CO 3 · 3 H 2 O 2.
Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as bleaching and "maturing" agents for treating flour to make its grain release gluten more easily; the alternative is letting the flour slowly oxidize by air, which is too slow for the industrialized era. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating most forms of acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers. [4] Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used in production of plastics [5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles. [6] [7] As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant. [5] [7]
Many industrial peroxides are produced using hydrogen peroxide. Reactions with aldehydes and ketones yield a series of compounds depending on conditions. Specific reactions include addition of hydrogen peroxide across the C=O double bond: R 2 C=O + H 2 O 2 → R 2 C(OH)OOH. In some cases, these hydroperoxides convert to give cyclic diperoxides:
Sodium perborate monohydrate is quickly hydrolyzed into hydrogen peroxide and borate on contact with water. [3] A 1979 double-blind crossover study [15] suggests that hydrogen peroxide, which is released during the use of this product, may prevent or retard colonization and multiplication of anaerobic bacteria, such as those that inhabit oral ...
Hydrogen peroxide is the oxidant in the hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide (HPPO) process, catalyzed by a titanium-doped silicalite: C 3 H 6 + H 2 O 2 → C 3 H 6 O + H 2 O; In principle, this process produces only water as a side product. In practice, some ring-opened derivatives of PO are generated. [12]