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The antibiotics most frequently used to treat acne vulgaris are erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, and minocycline. [40] [41] [42] Several other families of antibiotics are also active against C. acnes bacteria, including quinolones, cephalosporins, pleuromutilins, penicillins, and sulfonamides. [43] [44] [45]
However, acne that is caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing problem in many countries. [19] In Europe and North America, a number of people with acne no longer respond well to treatment with tetracycline family antibiotics because their acne symptoms are caused by bacteria (primarily Cutibacterium acnes ) that are resistant to ...
The most studied of these infections is acne vulgaris, caused by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes). [9] It is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the blockage of pilosebaceous units causing inflammatory lesions, non-inflammatory lesions or a mixture of both on the face, neck and/or chest.
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases. In practice, both treat bacterial infections. [1]
Benzoyl peroxide was first proposed as a treatment in 1958 and remains a staple of acne treatment. [209] The introduction of oral tetracycline antibiotics (such as minocycline) modified acne treatment in the 1950s. These reinforced the idea amongst dermatologists that bacterial growth on the skin plays an important role in causing acne. [206]
The relative population of C. acnes is similar between those with acne and those without. [39] [40] Current treatment includes topical and systemic antibacterial drugs which result in decreased C. acnes colonisation and/or activity. [41] Potential probiotic treatment includes the use of Staphylococcus epidermidis to inhibit C. acnes growth.
Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide, sold under the brand name Benzaclin among others, is a topical gel used for the treatment of acne. [7] It is a fixed-dose combination of clindamycin, as the phosphate, an antibiotic; and benzoyl peroxide, an antiseptic. [7] Common side effects include peeling, itching, and dryness of the skin where the gel was ...
Nadifloxacin inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase that is involved in bacterial DNA synthesis and replication, thus inhibiting the bacterial multiplication. Nadifloxacin in addition to determine a therapeutic antibacterial action, can have a sebostatic and anti-inflammatory action, thus contributing to the improvement of the clinical condition of the patient.
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